Do Two Headed Animals Have Two Brains

Status of having more than than one caput

"Triple-headed" redirects hither. For the track transport performance, see Double-heading.

Polycephaly is the condition of having more than i caput. The term is derived from the Greek stems poly (Greek: "πολύ") significant "many" and kephalē (Greek: "κεφαλή") pregnant "caput". A polycephalic organism may exist idea of every bit one being with a supernumerary trunk part, or as two or more beings with a shared torso.

Two-headed animals (called bicephalic or dicephalic) and iii-headed (tricephalic) animals are the simply type of multi-headed creatures seen in the real earth, and class by the same process every bit conjoined twins from monozygotic twin embryos.

In humans, in that location are two forms of twinning that can pb to two heads beingness supported by a single torso. In dicephalus parapagus dipus, the 2 heads are side past side. In craniopagus parasiticus, the ii heads are joined direct to each other, but but one head has a functional trunk. Survival to adulthood is rare, but does occur in some forms of dicephalus parapagus dipus.

At that place are many occurrences of multi-headed animals in mythology. In heraldry and vexillology, the double-headed eagle is a common symbol, though no such animal is known to accept ever existed.

Occurrences [edit]

Two-headed people and animals, though rare, have long been known to exist and documented.

Occurrence in humans [edit]

In humans, as in other animals, partial twinning can result in formation of ii heads supported by a single torso. Two means this tin can happen are dicephalus parapagus, where there are two heads side by side, and craniopagus parasiticus, where the heads are joined directly.

Dicephalus parapagus dipus [edit]

In dicephalus parapagus dipus, the 2 heads are side by side, on a torso with two legs, with varying levels of twinning of organs and structures inside the trunk. The shared body may have four arms altogether, or three arms, or two artillery only. In that location are Greek-based medical terms for the variations, e.k. dibrachius means 2-armed, tribrachius ways three-armed. Both heads may contain a fully formed brain, or i may be anencephalic.^[1] If carried to term, dicephalus parapagus twins are usually stillborn, or die shortly after birth. Survival to adulthood does nevertheless occasionally occur in cases where the twins are built-in with three to four artillery.^[two] Chances of survival are improved if 2 complete hearts are nowadays.^[iii] Separation surgery is contraindicated, except in cases where 1 of the twins is conspicuously dying.^[4]

Giacomo and Giovanni Battista Tocci (born betwixt 1875 and 1877), were dicephalus parapagus dipus twins who survived to machismo. Each had his own pair of artillery. They learned to speak several languages, simply never learned to walk. Abigail and Brittany Hensel, built-in in 1990, are another instance of dicephalus parapagus dipus twins who grew upwardly. They were born with 2 functional artillery, plus a vestigial third arm, which was surgically removed. Each twin has her own complete head, center and spine, and controls ane arm and i leg. They developed expert motor skills, and completed courses at school and university.^[five]

Craniopagus parasiticus [edit]

Drawing of the eighteenth century Boy of Bengal, affected by craniopagus parasiticus.

Craniopagus parasiticus is an extremely rare status in which the two heads are joined directly together, and one twin (known as the autosite) has a functioning trunk, while the other (known as the parasite) has merely a vestigial trunk. The parasite is supported by blood supplied from the autosite head. This threatens the life of the autosite by placing an boosted burden on the autosite's vital organs. Operations to separate the ii heads have been performed in the hope of saving the autosite.

Skeletal construction in a case of dicephalus parapagus dipus. From: Hirst & Piersol, 1893.

Occurrence in animals [edit]

Polycephalic animals frequently make local news headlines when found. The nigh ordinarily observed two-headed animals are turtles and snakes.^[6] Other species with known 2-headed occurrences include cattle, sheep, pigs, cats, dogs, and fish. In 1894, a 2-headed partridge was reported in Boston, Massachusetts.^[7] It was notable as a dicephalic animal for surviving into adulthood with two perfect heads. Scientists have published in modern journals about dissecting such animals since at least the 1930s.^[6] A 1929 paper studied the anatomy of a 2-headed kitten.^[6]

Polycephalic animals, due to their rarity, are a subject of novelty. "We", a 2-headed albino rat snake born in captivity in 2000 with both female person and male genitalia, was scheduled to exist auctioned on eBay with an expected price tag of $150,000 (£87,000), though their policy of not trading in live animals prevented the sale.^{[8] [nine]} On October 31, 2006, the World Aquarium^[x] announced that "We" was adopted by Nutra Pharma Corporation, a biotechnology visitor developing treatments using modified cobra venom and cobratoxin.^[xi] "We" died of natural causes at age eight in June 2007, not long after being acquired by Nutra Pharma.^[ix]

Two-headed farm animals sometimes travel with animate being side shows to county fairs. Nigh notably, The Venice Embankment Freakshow supposedly houses the largest collection of 2-headed specimens in the world, including over 20 two-headed animals that are alive. Many museums of natural history contain preserved two-headed animals. The Museum of Lausanne^[12] in Lausanne, Switzerland, and the Ripley's Believe It Or Non! museum in Gatlinburg, Tennessee, have collections of preserved ii-headed animals. A very well preserved 2-headed lamb is on brandish in Llanidloes museum in Wales. A live two-headed turtle named Janus tin can be seen at the Natural History Museum in Geneva, Switzerland.^{[13] [xiv]}

Anatomy and fitness [edit]

In cases where multiple heads are fully developed and non-parasitic, they share control of the organs and limbs, though the specific structure of the connections varies. Animals often move in a disoriented and empty-headed manner, with the brains "arguing" with each other; some animals simply zig-zag without getting anywhere.^[15] Snake heads may assail and even endeavour to swallow each other. Thus, polycephalic animals survive poorly in the wild compared to normal monocephalic animals.

About two-headed snakes simply alive for a few months, though some accept been reported to live a full life and fifty-fifty reproduced, with the offspring born normal. A two-headed black rat ophidian with separate throats and stomachs survived for 20 years. A two-headed albino rat snake named "Nosotros" survived in captivity for eight years.^[16] There is some speculation that the inbreeding of snakes in captivity increases the chances of a ii-headed nascency.^[17]

One or 2 beings? [edit]

It is difficult to draw the line between what is considered "one animal with ii heads" or "ii animals that share a trunk".

Abigail and Brittany Hensel, born in 1990, were given ii singled-out names at birth. They identify every bit two people, and are recognised as two people legally and socially.^[18] On the other hand, Syafitri, built-in 2006 in Indonesia, were given i name by their parents because they but had one heart.^[nineteen] In early Germany, conjoined twins that could not be separated were legally considered ane person.^[20] Millie and Christine McKoy were often referred to in the singular, including past themselves, with the name "Millie-Christine",^[21] as well every bit plural.^[22]

In Peter Mogila'south 17-century Canon, the post-obit instructions are given for baptism of polycephalic infants: should there be singled-out heads and distinct chests, this means at that place are divide people each of whom must be baptised normally; if the heads and chests aren't completely singled-out from each other, notwithstanding, i person must be baptised normally only baptism of the other(s) should exist precluded by the formula "if non already baptised".^[23]

With other animals, polycephaly is unremarkably described every bit "i brute with two heads".^{[8] [24]} 1 of the heads, peculiarly in three-headed animals, may be poorly developed and malformed, and not "participate" much.^[fifteen]

Two faces on 1 caput [edit]

Where twinning of the caput itself is only fractional, it can event in the condition known as diprosopus—one head with two faces.

Earliest known occurrence [edit]

The February 22, 2007, issue of the journal Biology Letters detailed the discovery of a 122 million-year-old fossil of a ii-headed Hyphalosaurus lingyuanensis, marking the earliest known occurrence of axial bifurcation.^[25]

List of notable occurrences [edit]

Humans [edit]

Dicephalic conjoined twins (dicephalus parapagus dipus) [edit]

• Lycosthenes described a pair of adult female twins who had separate necks only one body. Both heads ate, drank, slept, and spoke. They had to beg from door to door, "everie one giveing (sic) to her freely". They were banished to Bavaria due to fears pregnant women who saw them would give birth to similar children; nothing else is known of them.^[26]

• In 1990 Abigail and Brittany Hensel were born in Minnesota, U.s.a..^[5]
• In 2000 Ayse and Sema Tanrikulu were born in Kahramanmaraş, Turkey^[27]
• In June 2000 Carmen and Lupita Andrade were born in Veracruz, United mexican states. They later moved to the United states for healthcare with their parents.^[28]
• In 2003 Sohna and Mohna were born in India^[29]
• On June 13, 2003, twin girls named Huda and Manal Abdel Nasser Mohammed Mahmoud, were born in Asyut, Arab republic of egypt^[xxx]
• In 2006 Syafitri was built-in in Republic of indonesia^[19]
• In 2007 Mary Grace and Mary Divine Asis were born in the Philippines with but one heart.^[31] They died on April 30, 2008.^[32]
• On Baronial 25, 2008, a infant boy named Kiron was born with two heads in south-western People's republic of bangladesh.^[33] The baby was described past the gynaecologist present at the birth equally having "ane stomach and he is eating normally with his 2 mouths. He has one genital organ and a total set up of limbs". He died on August 28, 2009.^[34]
• In July 2009, dicephalic twins were born in Indonesia with 2 hearts but sharing all other internal organs.^[35]
• In 2011 Sueli Ferreira gave birth to a child with two heads in Campina Grande, in Paraíba country, Brazil, just the infant died a few hours later considering of lack of oxygen to one of the heads.^[36]
• On Dec xix, 2011, a pair of male twins, Emanoel and Jesus Nazare, were born in Marajó Island, Brazil. The children had two heads, two legs and two arms, sharing all the body below the neck. Each child had a separate spine, merely shared a heart, liver, lungs and pelvis, and both brains functioned. The boys appeared on the Aqueduct 4 programme Bodyshock on Dec 19, 2012, where it was reported they had died at six months.^{[37] [36]}
• In March 2014 dicephalic twin girls were delivered via caesarian section at Cygnus JK Hindu Hospital in Sonipat, Haryana, in northern Bharat. The babies reportedly have two heads, two necks and two spinal columns merely share all major organs.

Craniopagus parasiticus [edit]

Craniopagus parasiticus is a condition in which a parasitic twin head with an undeveloped or underdeveloped torso is attached to the caput of a developed twin. Recorded cases include:

• In 1783 the "Two-Headed Boy of Bengal" was born in Bharat; the second head was joined roughly upside down on peak of the developed twin's head. The boy survived until 1787 and was killed by a snakebite.
• In 2003 Rebeca Martinez was born in the Dominican Commonwealth with an extra head but died 7 hours after surgery at the historic period of 8 weeks.^[38]
• In 2004 Egyptian Naglaa Mohamed gave birth to Manar Maged who had the head and undeveloped trunk of another child attached. In 2005 the second head was removed and after that year Naglaa appeared on The Oprah Winfrey Show with her surviving child.^[39] Manar died from a brain infection in 2006.^[twoscore]
• On January 20, 2021, a baby was built-in with two heads, at the Elias Hospital in Bucharest, Romania, only died some hours after it was born.^[41]

Non-human being mammals [edit]

Cats [edit]

Two-faced kitten, Lausanne

2-headed cat born in Paris, 1773. It only lived for a few hours.

There have been numerous reports of two-faced cats; most die presently after nativity. Reports of two-headed kittens are common, relative to other animals, because of their status every bit household pets. Recent ii-headed kittens include:

• On May 20, 2020, a ii-faced kitten named Biscuits and Gravy was born in Oregon. He died afterward 3 days.^[42]
• On June xi, 2013, a two-faced kitten named Deucy was born in Amity, Oregon. She died two days later.
• In November 2008, a two-faced kitten was born in Perth, Australia.^[43]
• In 2006, Tiger, a two-faced kitten, was born in Grove City, Ohio.^[44]
• In March 2006, Deuce, a two-faced kitten, was built-in in Lake City, Florida, and was euthanized shortly thereafter, having come up downward with pneumonia.^[45]
• In June 2006, Prototype, a two-faced kitten, was born on and died afterwards that twelvemonth in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.^{[46] [47]}
• In June 2005, Gemini, a two-faced kitten, was born in Glide, Oregon.^[48]

Polycephalic cats in museums include:

• The Deformed Animals Museum of Llubí, Spain, preserves a two-headed kitten.
• The Museum of Lausanne in Lausanne, Switzerland, preserves a two-headed kitten (pictured).
• The Laing Museum in the modest town of Newburgh, Fife, Scotland, preserves the blimp body of a two-headed kitten born in the 19th century on Mugdrum Island.
• The Georgia Land Capitol in Atlanta, Georgia, has a full body taxidermy of a ii-faced kitten.
• Ripley's Believe It or Non! Museum on Clifton Hill in Niagara Falls, Ontario (Canada) has a full-torso taxidermy of a two-faced kitten.
• Eton Higher's Natural History Museum has a full-body taxidermy of a two-faced kitten.
• London's Viktor Wynd Museum of Curiosities, Fine Art & Natural History has a skeleton of a two headed kitten, a two headed calf, a two headed (& 8 legged) lamb and others

Cattle [edit]

Two-headed calf, Lausanne

A full trunk taxidermy of a ii-headed calf is on brandish at the Garth and Jerri Frehner Museum of Natural History on the Southern Utah University campus in Cedar Metropolis, Utah. "The Dancing Calves" were built-in past natural delivery with considerable help from S. T. Nelson of Cedar Metropolis, Utah on Female parent's Day, May 8, 1949, to a crossbred cow owned past Willard Lund of Paragonah, Utah. The "Father Bull" is unknown but must have been an outstanding Hereford. The double calf was alive and healthy simply died during birth. This calf, or calves, joined from the beginning of the cervix as far as the belly, with two complete, about perfect body frames, had but 1 system of vital organs. Each of the ii normal heads had a food aqueduct to ane stomach and a breathing aqueduct, or windpipe, to the one gear up of lungs. The two briskets, or breasts, shared on each side by these calves, independent the one set of lungs on one side and the ane heart on the other side. Branching off from the one breadbasket and digestive system were ii channels of elimination. This calf weighed approximately 85 pounds at nascency. The over-all measurements every bit it stands mounted are: 42.5 inches high, 20 inches from tail to tail, and 18 inches from side to side including the front end legs. The "Female parent Cow" lived and was sold every bit a "fat cow" in July 1949. This calf was stuffed past Mr. C. J. Sanders, taxidermist, 2631 Southward State Street, Common salt Lake City 5, Utah, who stated that it is the well-nigh unusual monstrosity he has ever worked with. Dr. A. C. Johnson, of Cedar Urban center, Utah, stated that this is the best specimen of monstrosity in fauna life that he has ever seen or heard of in his 47 years of exercise as a veterinarian. "The Dancing Calves" were endemic by Westward and Gail Seegmiller who displayed them for many years at their Desert Pearl Cafe (no longer in existence), in Cedar City, Utah. Dr. A. C. Johnson, Dr. T. Donald Bell, William H. Lund, Dr. R. G. Williams, Dr. J. S. Prestwich, Dr. A. L. Graff, Due south. T. Nelson, and James Hoyle, Jr. all signed equally witnesses that they saw the calf in the flesh soon later nascency and knew it to be accurate. The calves and original document were donated to the Garth and Jerri Frehner Museum of Natural History on the Southern Utah University campus in Cedar Metropolis, Utah, where they are now on brandish.

• The Deformed Animals Museum of Llubí, Spain, preserves various ii-headed specimens.
• A head mount of a two-headed calf is on display in the Museum at the Georgia State Capitol Edifice in Atlanta, Georgia.^{[ citation needed ]}
• A 2-faced dogie is preserved at the Douglas County Museum in Waterville, Washington. The calf lived for ten days after nascence.
• The Ripley'due south Believe It or Not! museum in Gatlinburg, Tennessee, has full torso taxidermy of a two-headed calf.
• The Dalton Gang Museum, located in Meade, Kansas, also displays a total body taxidermy of a two-headed dogie.
• A ii-headed calf mount tin be found at the Quondam Country Firm in Hartford, Connecticut
• A two-headed calf was built-in in Frankston, Texas, on February 13, 2009. Reportedly, the owner/rancher, J. R. Newman immediately took the calf to his local veterinary for test/treatment. The veterinary, Dr. James Chocolate-brown, was quoted past a local reporter as saying, "I've seen slight variations [of this condition] but nothing similar this earlier. This is by no means normal."^[49]
• A full taxidermy of a two headed dogie can be institute in Melton Mowbray museum, Leicestershire, Uk.
• A total taxidermy of a 2 headed calf tin be found in the Museum of Marxell (in the Northern Black Woods in Deutschland). The calf was born past a local cow and died presently after nativity by natural causes.
• A full taxidermy of a 2-headed calf is on display at the Ohio Historical Society.
• A taxidermy of a ii-headed calf was previously on brandish at Hereford Museum and Art Gallery.
• A full torso taxidermy of a two headed dogie tin can be seen at the Grant County Historical Museum in Canyon Urban center, Oregon. A bill of fare side by side to the specimen states the heifer was born on the Bob Sprout ranch near Mt. Vernon, and that the calf had 2 hearts, lungs, and 2 spinal columns. Also at the museum are the mounted heads of two diprosopus (two-faced) calves.
• A full taxidermy of a two-headed dogie is on display at the Haifa Zoo, in Haifa, Israel.
• A Taxidermy specimen of a 2 headed dogie tin can be seen at the Michigan State University museum in their Cabinet of Curiosities exhibit (non always available). the ii-headed dogie was born in Fowler, Michigan, in 1943 and is oft paired with a dwarf calf that was born on a farm in Owendale, Michigan, in 1909.
• A full taxidermy of a ii-headed dogie can be seen advertizement water ice cream for College of the Ozarks in Branson, Missouri, where information technology was delivered past the students.
• Ii full body taxidermies of two-headed calves can be seen at the Huron Canton Museum in Goderich, Ontario.
• A full taxidermy of a two-headed dogie is on display at the Miami County Museum in Republic of peru, Indiana
• A full body taxidermy of a two-headed calf is on display at the Finnish Museum of Natural History in Helsinki
• A taxidermy of a two-headed calf can be plant in St. Petersburg, FL in the U.S. at the Petrograd Museum of History.^[50]

Pigs [edit]

Two-headed piglet; Onetime Land House, Hartford, Connecticut

• The Deformed Animals Museum of Llubí, Espana, preserves a two-headed hog.
• A preserved two headed piglet can be seen at the Museum of Witchcraft, Boscastle, Cornwall, England.^{[ commendation needed ]}
• A two-headed piglet tin can be found at the Old State Business firm in Hartford, Connecticut.^{[ citation needed ]}
• In 1998, Rudy, a two-headed pig, was born in Iowa.^[6]
• A two-headed piglet appeared on i episode of Oddities.^{[ citation needed ]}
• A two-headed piglet was a display at the Stearns County Museum in St. Deject, Minnesota, until the mid-1970s, only cannot be confirmed; it may accept been creative taxidermy.^{[ citation needed ]}

Goats and sheep [edit]

• In 1577, a lamb with iii heads was built-in in Blandy, France, and illustrated in Ambroise Skin'south Of Monsters and Prodigies. All iii heads would bleat simultaneously, and it appears to take survived into machismo.^[26]
• Maine'due south Conant Museum had an adult sheep skeleton with 2 heads.^[51]
• Diverse two-headed sheep can exist seen in the Bar Primal Museum of Llubí, Kingdom of spain.
• In 2006, a two-headed lamb was built-in in Shandong, China.
• The Ripley's Believe It Or Not! museum in Gatlinburg, Tennessee, has a mount.
• The Llanidloes town museum in Powys, Wales, has an case of a 2-headed lamb.
• The Liebig Excerpt of Meat Company factory (now a museum) in Fray Bentos, Uruguay, has a preserved ii-headed lamb.

Mice [edit]

• A 2-headed mouse was seen at Hallæ.^[51]

Birds [edit]

• An business relationship of a ii-headed piegon was published in France in 1734.^[51]
• In 2020, a 2-headed song thrush was poached in Syria.^[52]

Reptiles [edit]

Snakes [edit]

Most polycephalic snakes do non alive long, but some captive individuals do.^[53]

• Wyman saw a ii-headed ophidian, live, in the Jardin des Plantes, Paris, in 1853.^[51]
• Leidy found a 2-headed snake in a field near Philadelphia.^[51]

• A two-headed black rat ophidian with separate throats and stomachs survived for 20 years.^[54]
• There are several preserved 2-headed snakes on display in the Museum at the Georgia State Capitol Building in Atlanta.^[55]
• "We", the ii-headed albino rat ophidian. See above.^[9]
• A ii-headed ladder snake, Elaphe scalaris, was discovered near the village of Pinoso, Spain.^[17]
• A two-headed king snake lived for most 17 years at the Arizona Land University.^[54]
• A extremely rare 2-headed albino Honduran milk snake named Medusa was bought by Todd Ray^[56]

Turtles [edit]

Two-headed turtles and tortoises are rare but not unknown. Recent discoveries include:

• In 1999, a 3-headed turtle was discovered in Tainan, Taiwan, by a villager named Lin Chi-fa.^{[6] [15]}
• In 2003, a 2-headed angulate tortoise was discovered in South Africa, with the only other known case in the region reported in the early on 1980s.^[24]
• In 2004, Solomon and Sheba, a two-headed Mediterranean spur-thighed tortoise, was born in Dorchester, England.^[57]
• In 2005, a two-headed olive ridley sea turtle was found in Costa Rica by the World Wildlife Fund.^[58]
• In 2005, a baby turtle of unknown species was also reported in Havana, Republic of cuba, in 2005.^[59]
• In 2006, a two-headed, six-limbed soft-shell turtle in Singapore named "Double Happiness" was also featured on a local television program, and again on another programme in late 2006.^[60]
• As of December 2021, a living 2-headed Greek tortoise named Janus built-in in 1997 is being displayed in the Museum of Natural History of Geneva.^{[61] [62] [63]}
• As of 2007, in that location is a fully preserved common snapping turtle named Emily with ii heads at the Science Museum of Minnesota.^[64]
• In February 2011, a two-headed turtle was uncovered in Garner, North Carolina.^[65]
• A two-headed Florida redbelly turtle named Gege lived at the Homosassa Springs Wildlife State Park, transferred to a zoo where it spent the rest of its natural life until summer of 2008.^{[ commendation needed ]}
• A 2-headed turtle is currently^{[ when? ]} on display at the Coex Aquarium in Seoul, South korea.^{[ commendation needed ]}
• A two-headed turtle was released into the sea with about fifty other turtles as part of a Broward Canton, Florida hatching turtle rescue program on July 19, 2012.^{[ citation needed ]}
• A ii-headed turtle named Thelma and Louise was built-in at the San Antonio Zoo on June 18, 2013.^[66]
• A two-headed yellow-bellied slider lives at the Herpetarium in the Greensboro Science Middle in North Carolina.^[67]
• A 2-headed red-eared slider is on brandish at the Sideshow Museum in Uranus, Missouri.

Choristoderes [edit]

In 2006, the UK Royal Society appear that information technology had discovered a ii-headed fossil of Hyphalosaurus, the showtime recorded time that such a reptile has been found fossilized.

Mythological occurrences [edit]

Mesopotamian mythology [edit]

• Mušmaḫḫu, a 7 headed snake related to mythology of Ninurta,^[68] and Ningishzida.^{[69] [70]} Sometimes related to Mušḫuššu.
• Humbaba, the guardian of the Cedar Woods, where the gods lived. A description from Georg Burckhardt translation of Gilgamesh says, "he had the paws of a lion and a body covered in thorny scales; his feet had the claws of a vulture, and on his caput were the horns of a wild bull; his tail and phallus each ended in a snake's head."

Greek mythology [edit]

Greek mythology contains a number of multi-headed creatures. Typhon, a vast grisly monster with many snake heads, is frequently described as having several offspring with Echidna, a creature with the lower trunk of a serpent but the upper body of a beautiful adult female. Their offspring, past one source or another, business relationship for many of the major monsters of Greek mythos, including:

• Cerberus – a monstrous multi-headed dog that guards the gate to Hades.
• Ladon – a sometimes hundred-headed ophidian-like dragon that guards the garden of the Hesperides and is overcome past Heracles.
• Chimera – sometimes depicted with the heads of a goat and a panthera leo.
• The Lernaean Hydra – an aboriginal nameless snake-like chthonic water beast that possessed numerous heads.
• Orthrus – a two-headed canis familiaris owned past Geryon.
• Scylla – sometimes described as a six-headed sea monster.

Other multi-headed creatures in Greek mythology include:

• The Hecatonchires – giants with fifty heads and one hundred arms. The word "Hecatonchire" ways "hundred arms". They were the sons of Gaia, and Uranus.
• Hecate – Greek goddess of witches, nightmares, crossroads, and i of the Moon deities; sometimes represented with 3 heads.

Iranian mythology [edit]

Zahhak, an evil effigy in Iranian mythology - also evident in ancient Iranian folklore as Aži Dahāka (Azh dahak) - is the most significant and long-lasting of the ažis of the Avesta, the primeval religious texts of Zoroastrianism. He is described as a monster with three mouths, six eyes, and three heads (presumably meaning three heads with one oral fissure and two optics each), cunning, strong and demonic. Only in other respects Aži Dahāka has homo qualities, and is never a mere animal.

Hinduism [edit]

Vishnu reclines on the multi-hooded serpent Shesha, while the iv-headed Brahma sits on a lotus, rising from Vishnu'south navel.

Hindu deities are frequently depicted with multiple arms or heads.

• The fire-god Agni has two heads
• Dattatreya: iii
• The creator-god Brahma: iv^[71]
• The goddess Gayatri: v
• The war-god Kartikeya: six

Though ordinarily depicted with one head, some deities like Ganesha (in Heramba form) and Shiva (Sadashiva) have aspects where they are depicted with multiple heads; five in this example. The Vishvarupa form of Vishnu is described as having space heads.

Besides deities, demons (asura and rakshasa) may be depicted with multiple heads. The demon-rex Ravana Ravana is depicted and described as having ten heads, although sometimes he is shown with but 9 heads because he has sacrificed a caput to convince Shiva. Trishira his son is depicted with three heads.

Animal races in Hindu mythology like Nāgas (serpents) may have multiple heads. The Naga Shesha is depicted with five or seven hoods, but said to have infinite hoods. Uchchaihshravas is a celestial seven-headed horse. The divine white elephant Airavata is depicted with multiple heads, trunks and tusks.

Taoism [edit]

• Nezha, a god sometimes shown in "iii heads and six arms" form

Occultism [edit]

• Bune, a dragon with the heads of a dog, a griffin, and a human, in occultism

Ancient Mediterranean civilizations [edit]

• Janus, a two- or four-faced god in Roman mythology
• Nehebkau, a two-headed snake in Egyptian mythology

European culture [edit]

• Diverse Ogres, Trolls, and Giants in European folklore and fairy tales
• Double-headed eagle, a heraldic symbol
• Lernaean Hydra, Greek Mythology

Eastern Europe [edit]

• Balaur, a dragon with 3, seven or twelve heads, in Romanian mythology
• Kucedra, with three, 7 or 9 heads in Albanian mythology
• Svantevit, iv-headed god of state of war and divination in Slavic mythology
• Triglav (meaning "three headed") is a god or complex of gods in Slavic mythology
• Zmey Gorynych, a dragon in Slavic mythology
• Dragons in Hungarian folklore usually take three or seven heads

Northern Europe [edit]

• Þrúðgelmir, a six-headed giant in Norse mythology

Japan [edit]

• Yamata no Orochi, an eight-headed snake in Japanese mythology

Korea [edit]

• Jihaguk Daejeok, a 9-headed giant in Korean mythology

Judaism [edit]

The Talmud (Brachot 61a) says that originally Adam was created as a single body with ii faces (which were then separated into two bodies - male (Adam) & female (Eve)).^{[72] [73]}

The Zohar (introduction 1:9B / p. 9B) speaks of descendants of Cain with 2 heads.^{[74] [75]}

The Talmud (Menachot 37a) records an incident in which Phlimo asked Judah the Prince, which head a two headed person should put on Tefillin. Judah was initially dismissive, but then some other man came in saying that his wife had just given nativity to a ii headed baby, and asked a (different) halachic question.^{[76] [77]}

Heraldry [edit]

• Double-headed eagle
• Triple-headed hawkeye

Run into also [edit]

• Amphisbaena
• Cephalic disorder
• Bubble
• Conjoined twins
• The Corleck Head
• Diprosopus
• Janus
• Abby and Brittany Hensel
• Supernumerary body part
• 3 hares
• Vladimir Demikhov

References [edit]

1. ^ Chatkupt, Surachat; Chervenak, Frank (February 1993). "Antepartum Diagnosis of Discordant Anencephaly in Dicephalic Conjoined Twins". J Clin Ultrasound. 21 (ii): 138–142. doi:ten.1002/jcu.1870210212. PMID 8381135. S2CID 28491454.
2. ^ Harma, M.; Oksuzier, C. (February 2005). "Vaginal delivery of dicephalic parapagus conjoined twins: case report and literature review". Tohoku J. Exp. Med. 205 (2): 179–85. doi:10.1620/tjem.205.179. PMID 15673976.
3. ^ Başaran, Sibel; Sarpel, Tunay (2013). "Parapagus (dicephalus, tetrabrachius, dipus) conjoined twins and their rehabilitation" (PDF). Turkish Journal of Pediatrics (55): 102. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 31, 2016.
4. ^ Quigley, Christine (2006). Conjoined Twins. McFarland. p. 56. ISBN1476603235.
5. ^ ^{a b} Chang, Maria L. (October 4, 1996). "Joined for life - co-joined six-twelvemonth-former Hensel twins share many body parts". Science World. Archived from the original on July 31, 2005. Retrieved December 31, 2006.
6. ^ ^{a b c d east} Anina, Svetlana (November 29, 2003). "2-Headed Creatures". Pravda. Archived from the original on January 25, 2007. Retrieved Dec 31, 2006.
7. ^ "A two-headed partridge". The Washington Post. May 6, 1894. Retrieved December 31, 2006.
8. ^ ^{a b} "Two-headed snake 'upwardly for auction'". BBC News. Jan 3, 2006. Retrieved March 10, 2006.
9. ^ ^{a b c} "'We' the 2-headed snake's long odd life ends". NBC News. Retrieved June 20, 2007.
10. ^ "World Aquarium". Retrieved December 31, 2006.
11. ^ "Nutra Pharma Adopts Famous 2-Headed Snake of St. Louis' World Aquarium". Archived from the original on November 19, 2006.
12. ^ "Le Musée cantonal de Géologie (The Museum of Lausanne)". Archived from the original on January 8, 2007. Retrieved December 31, 2006.
13. ^ "Janus, live two-headed turtle". Euphoia Magazine. April 23, 2008. Retrieved May 13, 2011.
14. ^ "Program des galeries publiques" [Plan of the public galleries] (in French). Retrieved May 13, 2011.
15. ^ ^{a b c} "3-headed turtle destined not to become far". Associated Printing. January 27, 1999. Retrieved December 31, 2006.
16. ^ Leonard, Christopher (June 20, 2007). "'We' the ii-headed snake's long odd life ends". MSNBC.
17. ^ ^{a b} Mayell, Hillary (March 22, 2002). "Life Is Confusing For Two-Headed Snakes". National Geographic News. Retrieved March 10, 2006.
18. ^ Wallis, Claudia (March 25, 1996). "The most intimate bail: Conjoined for life, the Hensel twins are a medical mystery and a lesson in cooperation for us all". Fourth dimension. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved December 31, 2006.
19. ^ ^{a b} "Conjoined twins still a mystery". The Jakarta Mail. August 26, 2006. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved December 31, 2006.
20. ^ Bondeson, Jan (2000). The ii-headed boy, and other medical marvels. Ithaca, Due north.Y.: Cornell Academy Press. p. 182. ISBN978-0801437670.
21. ^ Kuroski, John (July 27, 2017). "How The Conjoined McCoy Twins Crush The "Freak Show" System That Had Exploited Them". All That's Interesting . Retrieved July 15, 2021.
22. ^ Biographical Sketch of Millie Christine, the Carolina Twin, Surnamed the Two-Headed Nightingale and the 8th Wonder of the World. Cincinnati: Hennegan & Co. 1902.
23. ^ Пётр (Могила). Требник митрополита Петра Могилы. Том 1. Информацийно-видавничий центр Украинской Православной Церкви, 1996 (1646). 860 с. С. 32—33 (In Ukrainian and Church Slavonic)
24. ^ ^{a b} Swarts, Candice (May 30, 2003). "Rare Two-Headed Tortoise Found in Due south Africa". National Geographic . Retrieved March 10, 2006.
25. ^ Jan 2007, Ker Than xviii (January eighteen, 2007). "Ancient Reptile Had Two Heads". livescience.com.
26. ^ ^{a b} "The workes of that famous chirurgion Ambrose Parey - Digital Collections - National Library of Medicine". collections.nlm.nih.gov . Retrieved March 5, 2022.
27. ^ "Conjoined twins' first steps" (in Turkish). Radikal. Archived from the original on January 23, 2009. Retrieved November 4, 2008.
28. ^ "Conjoined Connecticut twins bear witness double-minded determination". Houston Relate. April 24, 2017. Archived from the original on April 25, 2017.
29. ^ Rana, Yudhvir (June v, 2004). "Bound by destiny, life may be a bind for them". The Times of Bharat. Archived from the original on December 14, 2013. Retrieved Dec 31, 2006.
30. ^ Flannigan, Ozryel (June 13, 2003). "Egyptian mummy gives birth to two-headed girl". IOL: News for South Africa and the World. Archived from the original on April 16, 2005. Retrieved November 12, 2008.
31. ^ "Doctors vow to save dicephalus twins from death". GulfNews. April 24, 2007. Archived from the original on June sixteen, 2007. Retrieved April 26, 2007.
32. ^ Ong, Ghio; Flores, Helen (April 30, 2007). "Conjoined twins from Tacloban die". Philstar.com.
33. ^ "Ii-headed baby built-in in Bangladesh". The Sydney Morning Herald. August 28, 2008. Retrieved August 28, 2008.
34. ^ "A baby male child born with two heads has died later developing a fever and animate difficulties, a Bangladeshi doctor says". Heaven News. August 28, 2008. Archived from the original on January 23, 2009. Retrieved Baronial 28, 2008.
35. ^ "Conjoined twins built-in with one body". CNN. July 26, 2009. Retrieved July 26, 2009.
36. ^ ^{a b} "Brazilian Babe Born With 2 Heads". Fox News. April 7, 2010. Retrieved May two, 2012.
37. ^ Pfeiffer, Eric (November fifteen, 2011). "Healthy two-headed baby built-in in Brazil | The Sideshow - Yahoo! News". News.yahoo.com . Retrieved May 2, 2012.
38. ^ "Two-Headed Baby Dies After Surgery". CBS News. February 7, 2004. Retrieved February 8, 2007.
39. ^ "It'southward a Phenomenon! The Two-Headed Baby!". May 19, 2005. Archived from the original on January 25, 2007. Retrieved February 8, 2007.
40. ^ "Doctors unable to save ii-headed girl". March 27, 2006. Retrieved Baronial 18, 2008.
41. ^ "Copil cu două capete, născut în România. Caz extrem de rar". Știri Diaspora. January 20, 2021. Retrieved January 21, 2021.
42. ^ "Biscuits and Gravy, the kitten built-in with 2 faces, dies".
43. ^ "Ii-faced kitten born in Perth". November nineteen, 2008. Retrieved November 19, 2008.
44. ^ "Kitten Born With Two Faces, One Body". WTVJ. July 17, 2006. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved December 31, 2006.
45. ^ "Kitten Born With Two Faces". WEWS. March 10, 2005. Archived from the original on May 9, 2006. Retrieved December 31, 2006.
46. ^ "Two-Faced Kittens". June 7, 2000. Retrieved March x, 2006.
47. ^ Gomez, Nicole (June 10, 2000). "2-Faced Kitten Has Image Problem". Archived from the original on July xviii, 2012. Retrieved December 31, 2006.
48. ^ Traylor, Dan (June 16, 2005). "Two-faced kitten shocks owner, veterinarian". The News-Review. Archived from the original on January 9, 2007. Retrieved December 31, 2006.
49. ^ "Rare two-headed calf born on Fri 13th". The Frankston Citizen. 99 (31): ane. February xix, 2009.
50. ^ "The Odditorium – St. Petersburg Museum of History | St. Petersburg, Florida". June 2, 2017. Retrieved July 9, 2021.
51. ^ ^{a b c d due east} "Anomalies and curiosities of medicine: being an encyclopedic collection of rare and extraordinary cases, and of the nigh striking instances of aberration in all branches of medicine and surgery, derived from an exhaustive research of medical literature from its origin to the present day : bathetic, classified, annotated, and indexed - Digital Collections - National Library of Medicine". collections.nlm.nih.gov . Retrieved March 5, 2022.
52. ^ "Birdguides".
53. ^ "Life Is Confusing For Two-Headed Snakes". National Geographic. October 28, 2010. Retrieved September xix, 2011.
54. ^ ^{a b} "Life Is Disruptive For Two-Headed Snakes". National Geographic. Oct 28, 2010. Retrieved September xix, 2011.
55. ^ "Georgia Capitol Museum". AOL Cityguide. Retrieved March 10, 2006.
56. ^ "2-Headed Snake Has Extremely Rare Double Hearts". National Geographic. April nine, 2019. Retrieved October 25, 2020.
57. ^ "Vanquish shock at 2-headed tortoise". BBC News. November 12, 2004. Retrieved December 31, 2006.
58. ^ "Two-headed turtle found in Republic of costa rica". 999Today. December 1, 2005. Archived from the original on June 24, 2006. Retrieved June 30, 2013.
59. ^ "Two-headed turtle found in Havana, Cuba". mongabay.com. October i, 2005. Retrieved March 10, 2006.
60. ^ "The Chinese Garden (Yu Hwa Yuan)". Archived from the original on November 3, 2006.
61. ^ "Culture in Geneva". Retrieved March 10, 2006.
62. ^ "Getty Images". Getty Images. September 5, 2007. Retrieved May 2, 2012.
63. ^ "Le Muséum est un outil au service de la préservation du patrimoine naturel" (PDF). Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Genève. Retrieved December x, 2016.
64. ^ "Collections Gallery". Science Museum of Minnesota. Retrieved May 2, 2012.
65. ^ "2-headed turtle found in Garner". WRAL. September 11, 2001. Retrieved September 19, 2011.
66. ^ "Two-headed Turtle, 'Thelma And Louise', Hatches At San Antonio Zoo". The Huffington Mail. June 26, 2013. Retrieved June 26, 2013.
67. ^ "Greensboro Science Center | Animal Discovery Zoo Animal List". world wide web.greensboroscience.org. Archived from the original on July 8, 2016. Retrieved July 10, 2016.
68. ^ Cuneiform Monographs 1: Mesopotamian Protective Spirits, The ritual texts. F.A.M. Wiggermann p. 164
69. ^ "The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature". etcsl.orinst.ox.air-conditioning.united kingdom of great britain and northern ireland.
70. ^ "The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature". etcsl.orinst.ox.air conditioning.uk.
71. ^ Moorcroft, Christine (May 2004). Accessing religious educational activity. ISBN9781843036586 . Retrieved Jan 16, 2016.
72. ^ "Talmud Bavli Tractate Berakhot". sefaria.org (in Aramaic). Retrieved October four, 2017. דאמר ר' ירמיה בן אלעזר דו פרצופין ברא הקב"ה באדם הראשון... רב ושמואל חד אמר פרצוף וחד אמר זנב
73. ^ Simon, Maurice. "The Soncino Babylonian Talmud Tractate BERAKOTH" (PDF). halakhah.com. Soncino. Retrieved October 4, 2017. R. Jeremiah b. Eleazar said: God created 2 countenances in the first man,viii every bit it says, Backside and before hast Thou formed me.nine And the rib which the Lord God had taken from homo made he a woman.10 Rab and Samuel explained this differently. Ane said that [this 'rib'] was a face, the other that it was a tail.eleven ... eight. And out of i of them Eve was made. ix. Ps. CXXXIX, 5. E.V. 'Thou host hemmed me in'. 10. Gen. Two, 22. 11. I.e., projected like a tail.
74. ^ Bleich, J. David (1998). Bioethical Dilemmas: A Jewish Perspective, Volume 1. KTAV Publishing House. pp. 311–312. ISBN9780881254730 . Retrieved October 4, 2017. 25. Seder ha-Dorot, Tanna ve-Amoralm, s.v. . Pelemo, cites a state-ment of the Zohar indicating that Cain was exiled to a identify known every bit "Arks," a locale in which anybody was born with two heads. Seder ha-Dorot explains R. Judah'due south retort as indicat-ing that Pelemo should get into exile to the same place to which Cain was exiled and that in that place he might accordingly pose his question only that elsewhere the question is frivolous and the intelocutor is deserving of excommunication. See also Zohar, Parashat Va-Ye, rei, p. 157a, and Zohar, introduction, p. 9b. The latter source speaks of descendants of Cain possessing two heads. Cf., R. Chaim Eleazar Shapiro, Ot klayyim ve-Sha-tom 27:9, annotation 13. See also Zohar, Hashmattot, Berrishit, pp. 2536-254a.
75. ^ Matt, Daniel Chanan (2004). The Zohar, volume one. Stanford University Press. p. 63. ISBN9780804747479 . Retrieved October 4, 2017. "וארקא (Ve-arqa), And earth—the verse should read וארעא (ve-ar'a), [469] but ארקא (arqa) is one of those seven earths below, [470] site of descendants of Cain. Later he was banished from the face up of the globe, [471] he descended there, generating offspring. [472] He blundered there, knowing goose egg. It is a dual earth, dualized by darkness and light. [473] 2 officials dominion there, one ruling darkness, the other lite, inciting one another. When Cain descended in that location, they joined together—were completed as one—entirely befitting the offspring of Cain. And so they have two heads [474] like 2 serpent, but the i of calorie-free rules—prevailing, defeating the other. So those of darkness merged in those of light, and they became ane. Those two officials are Mrira and Kastimon, [475] who resemble six-winged holy angels. I resembles an ox, the other an eagle, but when they join they are transformed into the image of a human being. [476] ... footnote 474. ii heads On the two-headed descendants of Cain, see Beit ha-Midrash, four:151-52; Judah ben Barzillai, Peirush Sefer Yetsirah, 173; Tosafot, Menahot 37a, southward.v. o qum gelei; Zohar 1:157a; ii:80a; ZH 9b; Ginzberg, Legends, 5:143 due north. 34; Ta-Shma, HaNigleh she-ba-Nistar, 125, northward.84.
76. ^ "The Soncino Babylonian Talmud Tractate Menachot" (PDF). halakhah.com . Retrieved October 4, 2017. Pelemo enquired of Rabbi, If a man has 2 heads on which one must he put the tefillin?' 'You must either leave',10 he replied, 'or regard yourself under the ban'. In the meantime in that location came a homo [to the schoolhouse] saying, 'I take begotten a beginning-born kid with ii heads, how much must I give the priest?'11 An old man came forward and ruled that he must give [the priest] ten sela'south... [footnotes] (10) Sc. the school. Rabbi idea that this question was put only from a desire to scoff at him. (11) For his redemption. The fixed sum for redemption was five shekels (sela's in the Rabbinic natural language), cf. Num. XVIII, 16.
77. ^ "Talmude Bavli Tractate Menachot". Sefaria.org (in Aramaic). Retrieved Oct 4, 2017. בעא מיניה פלימו מרבי מי שיש לו שני ראשים באיזה מהן מניח תפילין א"ל או קום גלי או קבל עלך שמתא אדהכי אתא ההוא גברא א"ל איתיליד לי ינוקא דאית ליה תרי רישי כמה בעינן למיתב לכהן אתא ההוא סבא תנא ליה חייב ליתן לו י' סלעים

External links [edit]

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycephaly

Posted by: mayhewsionech1955.blogspot.com

Share this post